Velankanni Matha: Hope, Harmony & Miracles in Tamil Nadu

Holy Qurbana vs. Holy Mass

Written by: Richard John

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Time to read 5 min

Holy Qurbana vs. Holy Mass: Exploring the Beauty of Different Rites


The Catholic Church, often described as "universal," finds its strength and richness in diversity. One of the most profound expressions of this diversity is its liturgical rites, which are celebrated across the globe. Among these, the Syro-Malabar Holy Qurbana and the Latin-Rite Holy Mass stand out as two distinct forms of Eucharistic celebration. While they originate from different traditions, both rites embody the same spiritual essence of the Eucharist as instituted by Christ. In this blog, we will explore the similarities and differences between the Syro-Malabar Qurbana and the Latin Mass, highlighting the unique beauty of each and their shared liturgical elements.


Origins and Historical Background

The Syro-Malabar Qurbana


The Holy Qurbana, celebrated by the Syro-Malabar Church, has its roots in the East Syriac tradition. This rite traces its origins to St. Thomas the Apostle, who is believed to have brought Christianity to India in the first century. Over centuries, the liturgy of the Syro-Malabar Church evolved, drawing influences from the East Syriac traditions of the Chaldean Church. Despite facing challenges such as Latinization during colonial rule, the Syro-Malabar Church has preserved its unique liturgical identity.


The Latin-Rite Mass


The Holy Mass, as celebrated in the Latin Rite, is the most widespread liturgical form in the Catholic Church. Its roots go back to the early Christian communities of Rome. The Latin Mass has undergone various revisions over centuries, most notably through the Tridentine reforms of the 16th century and the post-Vatican II reforms in the 20th century, which introduced the Novus Ordo Missae (New Order of the Mass).


Liturgical Structure: A Comparison


1. Introductory Rites


  • Syro-Malabar Qurbana: The Qurbana begins with the Puqdankon or "Order of the Pre-Anaphora," which includes a procession, the Trisagion hymn (Holy God, Holy Mighty One, Holy Immortal One), and prayers of preparation. The emphasis is on invoking God's presence and preparing the faithful for the sacred mysteries.

  • Latin Mass: The Mass begins with the Entrance Antiphon (or an entrance hymn), the Sign of the Cross, and the Penitential Act, where the faithful seek forgiveness for their sins. The Gloria is sung or recited on most Sundays and solemnities, followed by the Collect.


2. Liturgy of the Word


  • Syro-Malabar Qurbana: The Word of God takes a central role, with readings typically including selections from the Old Testament, Epistles, and the Gospel. The readings are often chanted, and the Gospel is accompanied by incense and solemnity.

  • Latin Mass: The Liturgy of the Word includes readings from the Old Testament, Psalms, the Epistles, and the Gospel. The responsorial psalm and Gospel Acclamation create a prayerful transition between readings. In both rites, the homily follows the Gospel.


3. Liturgy of the Eucharist


  • Syro-Malabar Qurbana: The Eucharistic celebration in the Qurbana is rich in symbolism. The Anaphora, or Eucharistic Prayer, forms the heart of the Qurbana. The Quddasha (sanctification prayers) emphasizes the mystical presence of Christ. The Epiclesis (invocation of the Holy Spirit) is a highlight, accompanied by gestures such as the lifting of the paten and chalice.

  • Latin Mass: The Eucharistic Prayer in the Latin Rite includes the Preface, Sanctus, Epiclesis, Institution Narrative, and Doxology. The Latin Mass emphasizes both the sacrifice of Christ and the communal thanksgiving of the Church. The words of consecration are identical in essence to those of the Qurbana.


4. Communion Rite


  • Syro-Malabar Qurbana: Communion is received with great reverence, often on the tongue, accompanied by hymns of adoration. The faithful approach the altar while chanting hymns, emphasizing a communal celebration of Christ’s presence.

  • Latin Mass: The Communion Rite includes the Lord’s Prayer, the Sign of Peace, and the reception of the Eucharist. Depending on local custom, Communion may be received on the tongue or in the hand. The rite concludes with the Prayer After Communion.


5. Concluding Rites


  • Syro-Malabar Qurbana: The Qurbana concludes with a final blessing and dismissal, often accompanied by a hymn of thanksgiving. The celebrant prays for the protection and guidance of the faithful.

  • Latin Mass: The Mass ends with a blessing and the dismissal (Ite, missa est), sending the faithful forth to live their mission in the world. A closing hymn often follows.


Language and Chant


  • Syro-Malabar Qurbana: The Qurbana was traditionally celebrated in Syriac, though today it is often conducted in Malayalam, the vernacular language of Kerala. The chants, rooted in ancient Syriac melodies, add a mystical and solemn tone to the liturgy.

  • Latin Mass: While the Tridentine Mass was celebrated entirely in Latin, the Novus Ordo Mass introduced the use of vernacular languages, making the liturgy more accessible. Gregorian chants remain a hallmark of the Latin Rite, though contemporary hymns are also widely used.


Symbols and Gestures


  • Syro-Malabar Qurbana: Symbols such as incense, processional crosses, and richly adorned altars reflect the Eastern liturgical tradition. Gestures like bowing, crossing hands, and standing during prayer emphasize reverence and participation.

  • Latin Mass: The Latin Rite employs symbols like candles, altar cloths, and sacred vessels, alongside gestures such as kneeling, genuflecting, and the Sign of the Cross. These elements underscore the sacredness of the liturgy.


Unity in Diversity: Shared Liturgical Elements


Despite their differences, the Holy Qurbana and the Holy Mass share fundamental elements that unite Catholics worldwide:

  1. The Eucharist: Both rites center on the celebration of the Eucharist, which is the source and summit of Christian life.

  2. The Word of God: Scripture readings and the proclamation of the Gospel hold a central place in both liturgies.

  3. Prayers of Consecration: The Institution Narrative and the Epiclesis are key moments where bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Christ.

  4. Communal Worship: Both rites emphasize the participation of the faithful in offering praise and thanksgiving to God.

  5. Sacred Tradition: Both the Qurbana and the Mass draw from ancient traditions, preserving the richness of liturgical heritage.


The Beauty of Different Rites


The Syro-Malabar Qurbana and the Latin Mass reflect the diversity within the Catholic Church while affirming its unity. Each rite offers unique insights into the mystery of faith:


  • Syro-Malabar Qurbana: The Qurbana’s deep symbolism and mystical elements invite the faithful into a profound encounter with Christ. The use of ancient Syriac chants and prayers connects worshippers to the apostolic tradition.

  • Latin Mass: The Latin Rite’s structure and universality create a sense of communion across cultures. Whether celebrated in Latin or the vernacular, the Mass fosters a spirit of unity and reverence.


Conclusion


The Holy Qurbana and the Holy Mass are two beautiful expressions of the same Eucharistic mystery. While their rituals, languages, and symbols may differ, their purpose remains the same: to glorify God, nourish the faithful, and celebrate the presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The diversity of rites within the Catholic Church is not a source of division but a testament to its universality and richness. By appreciating the unique elements of the Syro-Malabar Qurbana and the Latin Mass, we deepen our understanding of the liturgy and our shared faith. Let us celebrate this unity in diversity, cherishing the sacred traditions that bring us closer to God.



Holy Qurbana vs. Holy Mass